Final Review

1.) 5 Themes of Geography
Movement, Location, Place, Region, and Human-Environment Interaction
2.) 3 Types of Maps
Physical, political, and thematic maps

3.) Why are the Kunlun Mountains important to China?

Its where the two major rivers are.

4.) What is the approximate size of the Gobi Desert?

over 500,000 square miles

5.) What are some of the important islands to the country?

Hainan and Hong Kong

6.) Why are China's three river systems so important to the country?

The rivers irrigate fields and are important to the country's development.

7.) In which latitude and climate zones is most of China's productive agricultural land located?

Humid continental and humid subtropical

8.) What landforms make up the dry zones?

steppes and deserts

9.) What two factors affect vegetation and temperature in the highland climate?

latitude and elevation

10.) What are some benefits of the Three Gorges Dam?

The dam helps control the flooding of the rivers, generate power, and allow ships to sail farther into China.

11.) What are some drawbacks of the dam?

It made many people have to relocate their towns, it cost way more than expected, and it is reducing wild life habitat.

12.) What are some of the ways in which the Japanese have adapted to living in a crowded space?

Rooms are sparsely furniture and people sleep on thin mattresses called futons.

13.) Why did Shi Huangdi build a wall in northern China?
To protect the country from possible Mongol invaders

14.) How was China governed in its early history?
Dynasties

15.) What are some achievements China made in its early history?

health care

16.) When did Europeans begin exploration of China?
In the 13th century, When Marco Polo come to the country

17.) How was Europe able to gain access to Chinese markets in the 19th century?

Europe took advantage of the Chinese and force them to sigh a treaty that grated them special privileges

18) Which political group has held considerable power in China for the last 50 years?
Communism

19.) What did the Communists party want for China's economy?
They wanted to modernize China by encouraging the growth of the industry.

20.) At what point did China's economy begin to grow more rapidly?
1980

21.) Where does most agriculture occur in China?
Southern China

22.) Where does China get the resources that fuel the industrial economy?
The United States

23.) What item is especially popular as an export to the United States?
textiles

24.) Name two important Chinese inventions.

gunpowder and porcelain

25.) What are the predominant religions in China?
Buddism, Confucius, and Taoism

26.) What is China's population?

1.35 billion people

27.) What animal was especially important to the Mongols?
goats

28.) What did Genghis Khan's name mean?
Supreme conqueror

29.) Who controlled Mongolia in the 18th and 19th century?

The Chinese ruled Mongolia

30.) Which country has had the most influence and control in Taiwan?
China

31.) How is Mongolia's current economy different from its historical practices?

Traditional economy was herding and livestock, that is still an important part of their culture but the country is developing other industries.

32.) What is an economic tiger?

Is a nation that has rapid economic growth due to cheap labor, high technology, and aggressive exports.

33.) Why might foreign companies want to work with Taiwanese companies?

Because of its statue as an economic tiger and its strong industries

34.) What industry is most successful in Taiwan?
manufacturing industry

35.) What traditional influences can be seen in daily life in Mongolia?
Herding and some still cling to the nomadic way of life

36.) Do most Americans live in rural areas like people in Mongolia or urban areas like the people in Taiwan?
Taiwan's urban areas

37.) When did Little League become popular in Taiwan?
After World War 2

38.) What bodies of water surround Korea?
the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, and the Korean Strait

39.) What natural features influenced the settlement of Korea?
Korea uses its location on a peninsula for self-protection

40.) What action have both Korean countries taken since World War II?
Both have built large armies, but also want to work toward reuniting the countries. 

41.) What significant event occurred in 200?
Both Korean leaders held a meeting, declaring their intention to reunite

42.) What type of economy did both North and South Korea have prior to the Korean War?
Ruled by Japanese dynasties

43.) How are North and South Korea's economies different today?

North Korea provides materials and natural resources while South Korea creates manufactured produces form them

44.) Which Korean country has a larger population?
South Korea

45.) Which country did Dennis Rodman visit?
North Korea

46.) From where did the original inhabitants of Japan mostly come?
From the islands from the mainland of Asia

47.) For whom did the Yamato clan claim descent?
The sun goddess

48.) For whom did the samurai work?
Landowners and clan chiefs

49.) Where do most Japanese people live within Japan?

On the east coast of Japan

50.) Which island of Japan is considered the main island?
Honshu

51.) How is Japan able to manufacture many items for trade without natural resources?
They imports the resources needed

52.) How has Japan's economy recently changed?

After 4 decades of growth, the economy begin to decline

53.) Which city is an excellent example of traditional Japanese culture?
Kyoto

54.) What do the Japanese believe is important in designing buildings?

the harmony of the building and nature surroundings

55.) How does the Japanese school system compare with American education?
They go to school 6 days a week, and have shorter summer vacations

56.) What are private college preparatory schools called in Japan?
Juku

57.) What two problems are the Japanese attempting to address in the future?
Population and pollution

58.) What are some examples of traditional Japanese culture?

Dramas called Noh plays where actors wear masks, and art like long picture scrolls, ink paintings, and wood block prints

59.)How did the Western world influence Japan beginning in the 19th century?

Influenced music, introduced sports like baseball, golf, soccer, and tennis

China questions

1.) Why did Shi Huangdi build a wall in northern China?
To protect China from potential invaders from Mongolia.


2.) How was China governed in its early history?
Dynasties


3.) What are some achievements China made in its early history?
The empire lasted 4000 years, and was made up of a lot of stone age cultures.


4.) When did Europeans begin exploration of China?
in the 13th century, Marco Polo traveled from Italy to China and wrote a book about it.


5.) How was Europe able to gain access to Chinese markets in the 19th century?
Because of China's weak military and ineffective government


6.) Which political group has held considerable power in China for the last 50 years?
The Communist party


7.) What did the Communist party want for China's economy?
They wanted to have complete control of the economy in the country

8.) Where does China get the resources that fuel the industrial economy?
Northeast China


9.) What item is especially popular as an export to the U.S.
Textiles


10.) Name two important Chinese inventions?
gunpowder and printing


11.) What are the predominant religions of China?
Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism


12.) What is China's population?
1.34 billion people

Section 1 and 2 of Chapter 27

1.) How long is the Great Wall of China?
Over 5000 miles

2.) Why was it built? And where does it run from and to?To keep Mongolian invaders away, and it runs from the Gobi Desert to the Yellow Sea.


3.) What are three natural barriers that have limited people's movement in East Asia?
Mountains, Rivers, and seas


4.) How large is the Gobi Desert?
500,000 square miles


5.) List two plains in Northern China.
North China Plain and the Manchurian Plain


6.) Name three rivers in China.
The Huang He (Yellow River), the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River), and the Xi Jiang (West River)

7.) Where does the Huang begin and end?
Starts in the Kunlun Mountain and ends in the Yellow Sea

8.) How long is the Chang Jiang?
3,900 miles

9.) What is the southernmost of the three great river systems of China?
The Xi Jiang (West River)

10.) What are the natural resources of China?
Agriculture, forests, natural gas and minerals, and hydropower

11.) Which countries in East Asia would need to import coal or oil?
Japan

12.) What effect might natural resources have had on the development of East Asia?
It allowed the region to industrialize quicker than other countries.

13.) What is a typhoon and where does it occur?
A tropical storm that occurs in the western Pacific

14.) What two words best describe the climates in the higher latitudes of East Asia?
Very dry and severely cold

15.) Where are most deserts found in East Asia?
Western China


16.) Where are the tropical zones of East Asia found?
southeast coast of China, island of Hainan, and southern tip of Taiwan


17.) What does typhoon mean in Chinese?  What other type of storm is a typhoon most like?
Typhoon in Chinese means "great wind" and its similar to a hurricane

Review Questions

1.) What are the five sub-regions of Africa?

West, North, East, South, and Central Africa
2.) Why is East Africa known as the cradle of humanity?

Thats where the first fossils of human were found.
3.) What were some early civilizations of East Africa?  What was their economy based on?

Kiliwaa and Aksum, they major economy was trading.

4.) What was the Berlin Conference?  Why - particularly - did it happen?

It divided Africa into sections for resources without war, no African leaders had a say in the conference.
5.) How did colonization cause conflicts in East Africa after independence?

It caused governmental instability, combined enemies and separated groups.
6.) Why are Liberia and Ethiopia important?

Those were the only two countries that remained free from colonization.
7.) What are some cash crops of East Africa?

Coffee, tea, and sugar
8.) What is East Africa's most critical health-care problem?

AIDS and HIV
9.) Name two ancient empires of North Africa?

Egypt and Carthage 
10.) What practices did the world acquire from Ancient Egypt?

Geometry and medicine11.) What North Africa countries have had the economies transformed by oil?
Alergia, Libya, and Tunisia
12.) what is Rai?
urban music changed to be used more as a rebellion
13.) Changes roles of woman in North Africa.
they can get a divorce, no more prearranged marriages, more equal rights

14.) Why is Goree Island important?

Major port for the slave trade.
15.) List three trading empires of West Africa?  What did the trade?

Ghana, Mali, and Songhai all traded gold and salt
16.) What is a stateless society?

society that relies on family government rather than traditional modern government 

How has West Africa's traditional stateless societies caused problems after colonization?

Because the Berlin Conference took away the stateless society power, and combined enemies and separated families.

17.) What are some roadblocks to economic development in West Africa?

Colonialism, just export without import to the African colonies.

18.) Discuss West African music.

It's a mix of Jazz, Blues, and Reggae.19.) What is Bantu important?

It helped produce the diversity of language and culture in Africa, linking various places.
20.) What was Sao Tome established for?

It was another slave trading port on an island off the coast of Central Africa
21.) Who was King Leopold II?  Why was he important?

King of Belgium, first showed interest in Africa (Congo) starting the Berlin Conference22.) What are the lasting effects of colonialism in Central Africa?

Problems for ethnic groups, government instability, and lack of resources.

23.) What major problems does Central Africa have in education?

Lack of teachers and secondary schools, and the different languages used at home and school.
24.) Who ended the apartheid in South Africa?

Nelson Mandela25.) How does modern Johannesburg reflect the problems created by the apartheid?

It is split in half like two cities (nice and ghetto)

North Africa

1.) What form of government did ancient Egypt have?
Monarchy

2.) What practices did the ancient world acquire from Egypt?
Medicine and geometry

3.) How did Muslims gain control of North Africa?The invaded from southwest Asia and spread their language, culture, and religion to north Africa.

4.) What countries make up North Africa?
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, and Tunisia

5.) How has North Africa's economic base evolved?
The regions economy was originally based around agriculture, but now center around oil production and cash crops.

6.) Why has the oil industry failed to benefit local workers?
Because many of the local workers uneducated and lack the necessary skills to actually work the jobs,   so the they have to import foreign workers.

7.) How are prices set for products sold at souks?
Prices are much higher to encourage the sport of haggling.

8.) How has rai music changed since its beginnings?

It went from being a free care music centered around topics of youth, to being a form of rebellion of Islamic fundamentalists.


9.) What was the traditional role for North African women?
To be wives and their jobs centered around the home. (few held actual jobs)

10.) What gains have Tunisian women made outside the home?
Now 20% of the parliament is female and many women now manage businesses around Tunis. 

1.) What were some early civilizations in East Africa?  Why were these civilizations important?
Aksum, now Ethiopia, was a major city in E. Africa primarily for trade with Egypt and eastern Roman Empire.


2.) What happened at the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
European countries made rules of how Africa would be divided. 


3.) What African countries managed to remain free of European control?
Liberia and Ethiopia


4.) How did colonialism cause conflicts in East Africa after independence?
The countries were not prepared to govern themselves, and the new cultural boundaries created more internal conflicts. 


5.) How did Ethiopia manage to defeat Italy in 1896?
With Russian and French weapons, also a better knowledge of the geography of the land. 


6.) What are some cash crops of East Africa?
Coffee, sugar, and tea


7.) What is East Africa's most critical health-care problem.
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and HIVS (human immunodeficiency virus)


8.) Research the Rwanda massacre (genocide?) and briefly discuss what happened and why.
It was a genocidal act of killing 500,000 to 1,000,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu in a hundred days. This genocide killed off 20% of the country's population and 70% of the Tutsi population.

Siberia, Russia Homework

1.) What percentage of water has the Aral Sea lost?
about 80%
2.) Why has this water been lost?
Because the soviet union rerouted its main river to flow to irrigate its vast cotton fields. 
3.) What other environmental problems affect the area?
4.) What would have to be done to keep the lake at its present level?
The farmers need to stop irrigating about 9-18 million acres of farmland to help prevent more of the lake's recession.
5.) What did you learn about Lake Biakal from the video?
Lake Biakal is home to many endemic species including the only freshwater seal, and is protected by law to maintain its water and keep it as the jewel of the country.
6.) In the city of Verkhoyansk what extreme temperatures have been recorded?
It can reach to -90 degrees in the winter and 94 degrees in the summer, a change of nearly 184 degrees. 
7.) How did Russia's harsh winter help the country in the 1800s (and during WWII)?
It made it so the unprepared invaders had no choice but to stay and die of hypothermia or retreat. Making Russia one of the hardest countries to control by foreign force.
8.) What made the building of the Trans-Siberian Railroad an enormous undertaking?
The railroad had to cross over 5700 miles of land, go through seven time zones, clear 77 million cupric feet of earth, 100,000 acres of forest, and build bridges over several major rivers.
9.) Research and find a major city in Siberia.  What is its population and major attractions?
Novosbirsk, Siberia, Russia has a population of 1,523,801 people.

Geography Homework

1.) List three important cities that are located in the Northern European Plain.
Moscow (capital of Russia) St. Petersburg, and Kiev (capital of Ukraine)
2.) What percentage of the region's population lives in this plain?
75%
3.) What border do the Caucasus Mountains form?
Between Russia and Transcaucasia - a region that consists of the republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.
4.) What are the two largest lakes in Central Asia?
The Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea
5.) How long is the Volga River?
It begins near Moscow and flows about 2,300 miles south to the Caspian Sea.
6.) Why is Lake Baikal important?
Its the deepest lake in the world and holds 20% of the world's fresh water.
7.) What are some of the resources that have been developed in Russia and the Republics?
Coal, iron ore, oil, natural gases, and timber.
8.) Why might extracting and transporting the region's resources be difficult?
Because of the harsh climate, rugged terrain, permafrost, and lack of workers make it difficult to extract the natural resources and ship them to other places.

Northern Europe Questions

1.) Where did the industrial Revolution begin and to where did it spread?
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain and spread to France, Germany, Belgium, and the US


2.) What are some characteristics of governments in Northern Europe?
Many countries had a conquerer or monarchy in the early years of the continent, then they switched to parliamentary.

3.) How did conquest influence the languages spoken in Northern Europe?
As different groups conquered others, they tried to change the language so everyone speak the same, but many failed and only change certain dialect.

4.) How did the industrial Revolution spur the growth of the British Empire?
The industrial revolution made it so Britain could expand their empire to other colonies.

5.) How did the Reformation affect Northern Europe?
Its started separating groups of people and was the cause of several conflicts.

6.) Who are some important writers from Northern Europe?
(playwright) Henrik Ibsen and William Shakespeare, (poets) William Wordsworth, (novelists) James Joyce and Charlotte Bronte


7.) What Northern European country did not join the EU?  Why?
Norway because they believed they had a good economy and that joining the EU would decline their country's wealth.

8.) What was the Magna Carta?  Why is it important? 
A document that inspired such political ideas as trial by jury and no taxation without representation.

9.) What are the countries of Northern Europe?
Iceland, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark

1.) What did you learn about EU countries in this section?
The EU was created by France and Germany to try and stop their constant rivalry 


2.) How do language and religion reflect the cultural division in Western Europe?
Language and religion was the main dividers that separated many nation-states from one another because people liked to be able to understand each other and many fought over religion.

3.) Which Western European leaders tried to unify Europe through conquest?
Napoleon, Charlemagne, and Adolf Hitler.

4.) In what way does Western Europe have a diverse economy?
Each subdivision of western Europe have a different main ounce of economy. France is a major agricultural producer. Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and France income is dairy farming and livestock. Germany, Netherlands, and France are rich in iron ore and coal. Netherlands produces electrics.
  
5.) What was the Reformation?
A period when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches.

6.) What was the Holocaust?
A program of mass murder of 2/3 of the European jewish population

7.) What was the Berlin Wall?
The divider of East and West Germany

8.) What are some characteristics of Modern Life in Western Europe?
Good public transportation, small houses and forces to socialize outside, and more paid vacation days.

Remember to write three things that you learned that were interesting and one question.
The gradually development of different styles of government in the countries.
The different conquerers of Europe and measures they used to keep their power.
The value the Europeans had for the arts.
What year was the Berlin Walls opened?

Outline for chapter 13 section 2

Western Europe

I.) A History of Cultural Division
France and Germany are dominant countries in western Europe, french culture is strong in France and Monaco, German culture in Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein. Switzerland, Netherlands, benelux countries of Belgium, and Luxembourg have their own cultures with influences from both France and Germany
       
         A.) Rome to Charlemagne
                1.) Roman Empire conquered the Celtic tribes in now France by 50BC
                2.) French is one of the romance languages evolved from Latin
                3.) In the 700s Charlemagne, a germanic king, conquered most of the region
                4.) the empire fell apart after his death
       
         B.) The Reformation
                1.) the reformation is a religion movement (1517) where people started to question the authority of the church
                2.) many christians started separating form the church
                3.) hostility between catholic and protestant fight religious wars that tore Europe apart
                4.) France is mostly catholic, Netherlands Switzerland, and Germany contain both protestants and catholics. In Germany, protestants mainly in the north, catholics mainly in the south

II.) The Rise of Nation-States
In the middle ages, europeans gradually developed the nation-state, an independent nation of people with a common culture
       
          A.) Nationalism
                1.) after Rome fell feudalism, a political system in which powerful lords owned most of    the land, gradually developed in Europe
                2.) Over time, strong kings gained power over feudal lords and nationalism evolved,
nationalism is the belief the people should be loyal to their nation
                3.) nationalism led to modern nation-states
                4.) France was one of the first nation-states, 1st king held absolute power, in 1789 the    people rebelled during the French revolution. Later Napolean seized power and tried to conquer Europe
                5.) from 1600s - 1945 wars frequently broke out among nation-states of Europe particularly France and Austria, and France and Germany States
                6.) Germany united in 1872
                7.) industrialism in the 1800s caused European nations to set up colonies in other lands in order to gain raw materials
           
          B.) Modern Conflicts
                1.) competition for colonies among European nations caused WWI
                2.) the harsh terms imposed on Germany after the war and the resentment felt due to those terms led to WWII
                3.) During WWII Germany was led by Hilter and the Nazi Party
                4.) the Nazis carried out the holocaust: a mass murder of 2/3 of the Jews population in Europe and several other minorities
                5.) after the war Germany was split into two, west Germany was noncommunist and east Germany was controlled by the soviet union
                6.) In 1989 the Berlin Wall fell and Germany reunited under a democratic government
                7.) To end the rivalry between them, Germany and France became leaders in establishing the European Union

III.) Economics: Diversity and Luxury
Region's economy remains strong due to agriculture, manufacturing, high-tech and service industries.

           A.) Agriculture to High-Tech
                 1.) dairy farming and livestock provide most agricultural income in Belgium, France, Netherlands, and Switzerland
                 2.) France is the largest producer of agricultural products in Western Europe
                 3.) France, Germany, and the Netherlands are three of Europe's top manufacturing nations
                 4.) Germany and the Netherlands are important producers of electrics
                 5.) Germany also produces scientific equipment
                 6.) France has one of the fastest passage trains in the world, as well a space program and nuclear energy (80% of its energy is produced by nuclear power plants)]
                 7.) Switzerland specializes in banking industry

             B.) Tourism and Luxury
                  1.) due to scenery, climate, and historic cities, tourism in Western Europe is popular and an important part of French, Swiss, and Austrian economy
                  2.) Western Europe also exports luxury goods: German cars, Swiss watches, high fashion clothes from France, and flower bulbs from the Netherlands

IV.) Great Music and Art
           
            A.) Music
                   1.) German and Austria are famous for music
                   2.) some German musicians/composers include Back and Beethoven
                   3.) Austrian composers include Mozart

           B.) Painting
                   1.) France and the Netherlands have had many important painters
                   2.) Jan Van Eyck perfected the use of oil painting
                   3.) Jan Vermeer and Rembrandt were dutch who painted with great realism
                   4.) French painters include impressionist Claude Monet and postimpressionists Paul Cezanne and Paul Gauguin

V.) Modern Life

           A.) City Life
                  1.) good public transportation systems, lower crime rates then the USA
                  2.) as a rule, Europeans live in smaller than Americans, so they socialize a lot in public places
                  3.) Europeans get more paid vacation time (about 30 days a year in Germany) than Americans

           B.) Recent Conflicts
                  1.) immigration has been a source of conflict
                  2.) in the 1980s "guest workers" form Yugoslavia and Turkey came to west Germany looking for jobs
                  3.) then the economy declined, many angry citizens were discriminate and violent to the immigrants
                  4.) Austria has also faced tension
                  5.) political leader Joerg Haider made controversial remarks that defended former Nazis and that immigrants found insulting
                 6.) many feared the rebirth of racism, so in 2000 Haider had to reign as party head, though he remained a force in the Austrian public life

The Netherlands are in the Northern Plain of Europe, on the North Sea coast bordered by Germany and Belgium. About 40+% of the Netherlands were reclaimed land.

Interesting Facts
    *Also referred to as Holland
    *Main language is Dutch
    *Currency is euro
    *Twice the size of New Jersey
    * Population is 16.8 million people
    

Europe: landforms and resources

1.) Why can Europe be called "a peninsula or peninsulas"?'

* because Europe is one large peninsula made of many smaller peninsulas

2.) What European islands are located in North Atlantic?  In the Mediterranean Sea?
*Ireland, Great Britain, Iceland, and Greenland are in the North Atlantic. Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and Crete are in the Mediterranean.


3.) How do mountains and uplands affect life in Europe?
*they act as walls separating groups of people, make trade difficult, and affect climate


4.) The Alps arc across what countries or places?
*France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the northern Balkan Peninsula 


5.) The Pyrenees are located where?
*on the border of France and Spain and Portugal


6.) Where does the Danube flow?
*west to east in the interior of the continent


7.) How are rivers used in Europe?
*mainly for trade and travel


8.) What is the most important plain in Europe?
*the Northern European Plain


9.) Why is it important?
*places in these regions are major producers of agricultural goods


10.) How are the landforms of Europe both an advantage and disadvantage?
*the advantage of the landscape is that protect from harsh weather, disadvantage is the difficulty of travel and trade between the countries


11.) How did natural resources help Europe to become industrialized?
*many countries are abundant in coal and iron ore, which help create steel, and make industrializing the nations easier